Romes Construction Of The Amphitheater - 1404 Words

Amphitheater. Rome’s construction of the amphitheater, began in the Second century AD (Figure 3; Matova and Aliaj, 2006:280; Ponce de Leon, 2013:3; UNESCO, 2004:34. The arena and Roman baths built during this period were centrally located within the city (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:571; Bowes et al., 2003:382; Karaiskaj, 2004:13; UNESCO, 2004:34). Local topography played a part in deciding where the stadium would be built. Roman engineers made use of a hillside on the northern part of the arena, whereas the southern half of the auditorium was on lower ground. Roman vaults and piers held up this section of the amphitheater (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:571; Bowes et al., 2003:382; Matova and Aliaj, 2006:280). The southern, or lower side of†¦show more content†¦It is believed that this amphitheater was able to hold 15,000-20,000 spectators, indicating Dyrrachium’s population to be approximately 30,000 during Roman rule (Matova and Aliaj, 2006:280; Molla, 2014:31; Ponce de Leon, 2013:3; Puka and Beshiri, 2011:6; UNESCO, 2004:34) After Rome’s decline in 378 AD (Wilkes, 1992:265), parts of the amphitheater were restructured and used as chapels. The main sanctuary was built into the alcove, which originally housed the pulvinar (elevated imperial box) and vomitorium. Byzantine mosaics and frescos indicate that these chapels were created during the fifth century AD (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574-575; Isufi, 2006:11; Jacques, 1995:154; Karaiskaj, 2004:13; UNESCO, 2004:35-37). A second chapel and possible third were built on the north side of the stadium (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574; Bowes et al., 2003:392). Sometime during the seventh century, the arena began to be used as a graveyard, known as the necropolis. There are also several Byzantine art forms, dating from the ninth through eleventh centuries (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:581; Bowes et al., 2003:391-392; Jacques, 1995:154-155; UNESCO, 2004:36-37). At some point during the Middle Ages, the cemetery ceased to be used by the inhabitants of Dyrrachiu m (Bowes and Mitchell, 2009:574; Bowes et al., 2003:388-389). The last known

Compare the Main Features of Peasant Society with Those of...

Culture has been used to signify the ‘’pattern of life within a community-the regularly recurring activities and material and social arrangements’’ of a specific group. A tribe consists of a unity of people by ties of descent from a common ancestor, community of customs and traditions or adherence to the same leaders. There are two types of labels that can be given to a tribe. One of them is the mosaic view, which consists of small-scale of tribes located mainly in the tropical world, and these make up a type of mosaic cultures. This means in essence that every culture is very unique and has to be studied differently, hence mosaic (every part is different not common). The second view is the ladder type. This is made†¦show more content†¦However some tribes, for example The Mojave Indian Tribe prefer to trade surplus crops with coastal tribes for goods that they see as valuables, for instance; shells. Usually a tribe sometimes specializes in making an object or resource in surplus, other tribes who do not produce or have the skill to make it will be willing to trade for their surplus. Peasants are not exactly a class, as a peasant can be the owner of the land, whilst other serve land lords under their command of the land. Peasants are subsistence, which means that they produce enough to supply their own family. They are self- contained. They also thrive to produce surplus or produce cash-crops/specialised products to supply to outside economy (markets) as well. Therefore, contribute economically as producers and consumers into wider economic systems. One may take the Pottery production in Amatenango, Mexico; this pottery industry is only available in one region therefore nearly every person in the village produces pottery to supply the regions and its economy is based on the production itself. Another factor that must be taken into consideration when studying social relations is when a society goes beyond kinship relations in order to reinforce their status and maintain prestige of the kin. Trobriand tribes take part in the Kula. This is a kind of ceremonial expedition, which made tribesmen undertake aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesRetailing and Wholesaling Integrated Marketing Communication Advertising management Sales promotion Personal selling Public relations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketing research Tools and Techniques of marketing research Applications of marketing research Preparation of marketing research report Online marketing E-commerceRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesCataloging-in-Publication Data Lut hans, Fred. International management : culture, strategy, and behavior / Fred Luthans, Jonathan P. Doh.—8th ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: International management / Richard M. Hodgetts, Fred Luthans, Jonathan Doh. 6th ed. 2006. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-811257-7 ISBN-10: 0-07-811257-5 1. International business enterprises—Management. 2. International business enterprises—Management—Case studies. I. Doh, Jonathan P. II. Hodgetts, Richard M.Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesStates Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−Hill Primis text may include materials submitted to McGraw−Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the edit orial content of such materials. 111 MANGGEN ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Management Contents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum

Financial Instruments for Disclosures †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial Instruments for Disclosures. Answer: Introduction: There are two matters in which the change in accounting policy and disclosure requirements has been listed. One is change in the method of accounting of cash flow hedges and the other one is the loss of data from the non current asset register. These two are interlinked in the sense that the hedge items are grouped under the head asset or liability depending upon the nature of the item (AASB, 2014). In the given case, there may be some items which may have been classified as noncurrent asset. The first disclosure that is advised is as follows: Specify the documents which have been destroyed. Specify the name and nature of the noncurrent assets that have been destroyed along with the quantum and amount. The reason for the loss of data shall be specified along with date of its occurrence. The second disclosure that is advised is as follows: The change in accounting policy regarding the hedge accounting shall be disclosed. As per International Financial Reporting Standard 7 and paragraph 23 it is stated that in case the profit or loss in cash flow hedges is recognized in the statement of the other comprehensive income then the following disclosures shall be made: The amount that was so recognized in the reporting period. The amount which is included in the statement of the profit and loss and removed from equity. The amount transferred from the equity and included in the initial measurement of hedge instruments (IFRS 7, 2013). The effect of changes so made in the financial statements of the company. References IFRS 7, (2013), Financial Instruments: Disclosures, available on https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ifrs/ifrs7 accessed on 13/04/2018. AASB, (2014), Hedge Accounting available on https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/IASB_Draft_IFRS_General_Hedge_Accounting_09-12.pdf accessed on 14/04/2018.

Improving Cross Cultural Communication Skills †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Improving Cross Cultural Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction The word culture means a complicated accumulation of knowledge, folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs and customs that relates and gives a common uniqueness to a group of individuals. It takes a relatively long duration for a culture to develop. It is very common to find communications which seems to be meaningless to the receiver or the listener simply because either the communicator or the listener is unaware of what to expect out of the communication. Communication between individuals differ to a great extent between and within cultures and the various rules and regulations with reference to the accurate level of fierceness in interacting can lead to even greater misunderstandings in culture (Hilton 2003). The two words communication and culture has been repeatedly been defined and redefined by many researchers in the past simply because the two concepts are closely related to each other with what is fundamentally human. However from the anthropological view point, customs had united with all of its elements when human existence first came into being and led to the development of interpersonal relationships wherein various individuals ended up developing separate communities of their own which ultimately resulted in communication across cultures ((Kinsey 2011). One of the biggest hurdles to communication across cultures have been language, however the same has undergone drastic changes since globalisation and the advent of what we call telecommunication. The said concept is now being challenged by all by the spread of what is known as supra-English. Each culture have their own set of rules and regulations which is accepted by all its members automatically. Business entities across the globe have realised that intercultural interaction is very crucial, not only due to globalisation but also because the domestic labour has gone diverse both ethnically as well as culturally. Apart from cultural differences while communicating, it is very important to understand that the link that exist between the two communicating parties is also an important factor to be considered for successful communication(Moseley, 2009). The biggest issue is that even if the communication is being done with a positive attitude, miscommunication is probable to occur and that too when there exists cultural variations between the two ends. In the particular essay, communication across cultures is being discussed and demonstrated by providing various examples relating to ideas, attitudes and behavioural patterns. Four distinct variables are being discussed with regards the cross-cultural communication that occurs i.e. time and space, fate and personal responsibility, face and face saving and nonverbal communication. One of the most critical variable to be considered while discussing about the cross cultural communication is time as this is one thing that segregates culture and the ways the different cultures do things. Such as in the Western part of the world, time is inclined to be viewed as quantitative which is measured in units that shows the progression. In the West, time is construed to be equivalent to money and the said approach is termed as monochromic wherein focus is on a single communication at one time and not multiple. Whereas in contrast, in the Eastern side of the world, people are of the view that time is unlimited and hence do not value the same. People prefer to do multi-tasking at one point of time, thereby falling under the approach called polychromic. Thus people converse with many people at the same time and on various topics that have no linkage with each other. Thus here the cultural difference is highlighted between the east and the west (Padhi, 2016). One of the most sought after example to understand the Eastern part of world would be India. People here are of the view that time is endless via various cycles which keeps on moving, appearing and disappearing. Time here extends and elongates far beyond the human ego or lifetime. Further the dissimilarities over time can play out in excruciating and vivid ways in arbitration or clash resolution procedure. A perfect example of explaining the difference is an arbitration procedure with regards a land claim that occurred in Canada. First Nations people met the spokespersons from domestic, regional and national governments to meet each other and start the work. The former kind of people took a lot of time as they were talking about things which were away from the actual point of discussion such as the topic on which they talked about comprised of the spirit of land, what their people have done for the land and talked about generations after generations (Hooker, 2008). However, when the turn of the diplomats came, they talked to the point i.e. they showed various graphs and charts and discussed only about the purpose for which they had gathered. Thereby representing that the flow charts were linear and spare in their lack of description, starting from the overbearing customs from which these diplomats of the government came. Thus none of the two ends were happy meeting each other for the first time. They did not bother on the fact that they differed on time, rather were sure that they did not talk on the similar lines due to cultural differences, thus making communication uninteresting as well. Thus this made their interaction tough (Reynolds, Valentine, 2011). Hence it can be construed that the cultural advancements towards interaction does not necessarily always ensure good faith but also at times may cater to servicing of a number of motives. Emphasizing supremacy, dominance, benefit or direction over the path of arbitration may be a purpose enveloped up in particular cultural behaviours (Adair et.al.2001) . Culture as well as cultural beliefs can be utilised as a weapon by arbitrators, hence for the said purpose it is crucial for the interacting ends to be involved in collaborative-process design while catering to inflexible divergences (LeBaron, 2003). Since people from varying cultural backgrounds work in conjunction with each other to formulate a process to cater and deal with the problems that segregate them, they can query about various cultural preferences such as time and space and how it may have an impact on the arbitration or the conflict resolving procedure. Hence this way, they may immunize against the usage of culture as an approach or an apparatus to press forward supremacy (Ybema, Hynghae, 2009). The second crucial erratic elements which has an impact on the communication across cultures is fate and personal responsibility. It connotes to the extent one feels oneself as the master of life as against the level to which one views oneself as subject to things outside ones management. A second approach to this would be how much a person has the capability to adapt itself to the changes and contrive so as to be able to select the course of ones linkages and lives. Some have pinched a matching amid the importance on private accountability in North American surroundings and the background itself (Thomas, 1994). In North America there is a huge area which is sparsely populated. Here various kids grow up with a heroic logic of life wherein they possess huge ideas and hope filaments everlasting. Whenever they face any failures, they do not get discouraged, instead get up again and try until they achieve success. However in contradiction to the same, if places with a relatively smaller territory is considered wherein the history shows that the past has been too stressful full of struggles, at such territories the main stress is upon what luck has to play in the life of human beings. Such as in Mexico, the people view struggles and stress as an integral part of life which cannot be let go of or avoided. There way of reacting to breakdowns and disappointments is by reiterating ni modo which means that the disappointment was written in their luck and hence unavoidable (Earley, 2006). The cultural conflict in communication is important in this context. If a person is devoted in free determination crosses paths with somebody more defeatist in direction, miscommunication is surely to occur (Gudykunst, 2003). The same is because the former would demand for accountability and responsibility and unable to view the same may understand that the later is lazy or not honest with his work. However, the later would think that he would be respected and applauded for his efforts and if the same does not happen, may blame that the former was dominant and impertinent, overstated with his views with regards what can be possibly be achieved or reversed (Catana, 2014). The third variable with regards cross cultural communication is face and face-saving. Face is an integral part across varying cultural backgrounds but the dynamics of face and face-saving come out in a different way. The study with regards face and face saving with regards communication conflicts in cross cultural interaction is crucial especially in a diversified US work force and also in the wake of globalisation wherein people are generally found to be engaged into conflicts. Face is defined and is distinct in various manners in the literature of communication across varying cultures. As per Novinger, the said variable basically means the respect or viewpoint an individual has in the eyes of others and it connotes haughtiness or respect for ones own self. Whereas, some others have defined the same as the arbitrated image of the public, reciprocally approved one another by the contestants in interaction. If the said variable is defined in a more exaggerated manner then it would com prise of ideas of status, supremacy, courtesy, humbleness, within and outside linkages, humour and dignity. In various cultures and societies, maintain face is of utmost importance even if the methods and ways of doing the same may differ (Markus, Kitayama, 1991). The initiation point of egoism, eccentricity and communitarians are intimately linked to face. If one looks at oneself as an individual who is self influential by nature, then in this case face has to play an integral role with regards preservation of the image of the person in front of others as well as to self. For the same, the individual should make all efforts to imply adequate controls in such scenarios so as to attain the aims successfully. One may achieve this by adopting a aggressive attitude in arbitration or tackling somebody to whom one thinks has done an incorrect act to the self. One may be more at ease to stand in a situation of mediation wherein both the ends meet face to face and talk about the differences and resolve the same on the forefront (Oetzel et.al. 2001). Further if the main identification is understood as a member of a group, then contemplations about face takes into account the group as a whole. However, confronting somebody face to face may portray and reflect a very sad image of the person on the entire group to which he belongs and may even lead to disruption of the peace and harmony of the community as a whole. Thus face and face saving basically demands for avoidance of direct confrontation as it helps to safeguard the image and also preserve the relationships from getting damaged. Hence it simply means that their seems to be a thirst to save the face else shun from extending offense (Adler, 2003). Non verbal communication is the most crucial variable in cross cultural communication as language is a problem in cultural interaction which to an extent gets resolved due to the non-verbal part of it. Thereby whenever verbal form of interaction is not clear enough to comprehend, then the individual uses non-verbal method of interaction to exchange ideas. Nonverbal form of communication can be either via postur-es or sign language or emotional expression or touch or such other various forms. Cultures which belong to the low context such as the USA and Canada put relatively less amount of pressure on the non-verbal form. However one cannot conclude that non-verbal form of interaction is totally absent, but the same is less prevalent as people prefer to talk in words than in actions. Whereas in the high-context scenario in countries such as Japan, China or Columbia, it is easy to communicate in the non-verbal manner as their language is too difficult to comprehend thereby sign language etc helps in better communicating of the information (Okazaki, 2004). Some of the rudiments of the non-verbal communication are similar across various cultures. Such as the research confirms that emotions such as anger, happiness, surprise, sad are showed and articulated in the same manner irrespective of the culture to which a person belongs. Then the most pertinent question arises is as to where is the difference then. The issues come up with regards such emotions which are suitable to exhibit in various cultural settings and by whom. Such as it may be highly acceptable in places such as the USA to accept the loud behaviour of women expressing their emotion of terror rather than annoyance and for the male counterpart to exhibit fury but not horror. Furthermore, even the exhibition of fail expressions across various cultures is varying. Such as in China and Japan, people across the globe would think that facial expressions shown by them represent happiness but it may actually show anger or cover up sorrow. However, the disparities in the understanding may give way to disagreement or shoot up live clash. Such as if a Japanese is trying to tell the listener about the why he or she was not available at the time of negotiation since there was a mishap in the family, the same may be done with a smile, since their culture understanding is that it is inappropriate to impose in tenderness of sorrow on someone else. Hence for a westerner who is of the belief that a smile connotes happiness or joy, the said smile may look as incompatible and even rude during such a situation. Although there are some facial expressions which are same across various cultural backgrounds, even then the final understanding of these expressions linger around being culture specific. Thereby it is crucial to interpret certain things with regards cultural starting points and values so as to understand the sentiments being articulated across various cultural communications taking place (Pym, 2003). Another variable across cultures is related to proxemics or certain methods of linking to space. Across cultures one comes across varying ideas and views about well-bred space for communications and arbitrations, such as people belonging to North America are of the view that they need ample space since they are used to the same in their daily life in their houses as well. However in contrast, the Europeans prefer talking by maintaining least possible space since they are used to smaller personal space (Adetunji, Sze, 2012). The issue with regards space preferences is the the judgements attached with the space and not the fact that the space is present. Thus if a person is used to sitting close to someone while interacting and the other person tries to maintain space, then the former would interpret such a way of non-verbal communication as rudeness or unavailability of adequate interest to communicate. Whereas those who are used to communicate by maintaining a specific distance with the other person, then the latter in this case if coming close would be considered as discourteous and belligerent by nature. Hence it can be said that line-waiting activities and that which is present in a group setting such as a grocery shop are culturally prejudiced. As per the Americans, they prefer to maintain discipline by standing in line as they are of the view first come first serve whereas the people of France are used to breaking a line which connotes indiscipline behaviour at various places. Thereby these examples of disparities with regards the communication which is not verbal in nature are just the tip of the iceberg. Cautious annotations, in progress learning from a range of basis and humanizing associations across cultures will all help increase the enriching confidence to labour successfully with non-verbal communiqu differentiations (Koksal, 2011). Coclusion All the variables talked about in this essay i.e. time and space, face and face saving, personal responsibility and non-verbal communication are much more complicated than it seems so in the essay above. All these variables, individually have a stark persuade in the line of communication and may be accountable for clashes or the intensification of clashes when the conversation moves towards miscommunication or is being interpreted incorrectly. Thus in order to ensure that communications across cultures are being carried out in a silent and an amicable manner, the parties communicating should over a period of time should try to meet up in between, thereby trying to understand each others cultures and the values attached with the same. It is very important to understand that when two people interacting do not belong to the same cultural background, then they should understand what is correct as per the opposite culture and communicate in a manner which is not offensive to both the part ies. Thus the main key to cross0cultural interaction is basically trying to understand the other culture and respecting their values and beliefs as well. Bridging the gap is possible when both the ends move forward equally thereby ensuring to meet midway in order to ensure successful and meaning communication. Expressing high opinion for the traditions and the values apart from ones own is basically one of the best possible way in ensuring a successful development of cross cultural communication It this respect which helps in ultimately leading to a good and a healthy cross-cultural communication relationship. References: Adair, W.L, Okumura. T, Brett, J.M. (2001). Negotiation behaviour when cultures collide: the U.S. and Japan. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86: 37185. Adler, N.J .(2003). Communication across cultural barriers. In: Bolten J, Ehrhardt C (eds) Interkulturelle Kommunikation: Texte und bungen zum interkulturellen Handeln. Sternenfels: Wissenschaft Praxis, 247276 Adetunji,R.R. Sze, K.P. (2012). Understanding Non-Verbal Communication across cultures : A symbolic Interactionism Approach. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255967701_Understanding_Non-Verbal_Communication_across_Cultures_A_Symbolic_Interactionism_Approach Catana,S.E. (2014). Teaching Cross-cultural Communication Issues- A way of successfully integrating into the Multicultural Knowledge Society. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences. 128. 343-348 Earley, C. P. (2006).Leading cultural research in the future, a matter of paradigms and taste. Journal of International Business Studies, 37: 922-931. Gudykunst, W.B. (2003). Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication. Sage Publication: New Delhi Hilton,G. (2003). Becoming Culturally Fluent. Communication World. 24(6). 34-36 Hooker,J.N. (2008). Cultural Differences in Business Communication. Retrieved from https://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1149context=tepper Kinsey,C. (2011). Communicating across cultures. Retrieved from https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/business-communication/communicating-across-cultures Koksal,D. (2011). Pragmatic Approach to Cross-Cultural Communication in the BUsienss World. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.246rep=rep1type=pdf LeBaron,M. (2003). Cross-Cultural Communication. Retrieved from https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/cross-cultural_communication Markus, H. Kitayama, S. (1991) Culture and the self: implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review. 98: 22453. Moseley,A. (2009). Improving Cross-Cultural Communication Skills: Ask-Seek-Knock. Retrieved from https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/lao/issue_17/LAO_IssXVII_Moseley.pdf Okazaki, S. (2004). Does culture matter? Identifying cross-national dimensions in Japanese multinationals product-based websites. Electronic Markets. 14: 5869. Oetzel,J., Ting-Toomey,S., Masumoto,T., Wilcox,R. (2001). Face and facework in conflict: A cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan and Unites States. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248925162_Face_and_facework_in_conflict_A_cross-cultural_comparison_of_China_Germany_Japan_and_the_United_States Padhi, P.K. (2016). The Rising Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication in Global Business Scenario. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science. 4(1). 20-26. Retrieved from https://www.questjournals.org/jrhss/papers/vol4-issue1/E412026.pdf Pym,A. (2003). A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242584197_A_Theory_of_Cross-Cultural_Communication Reynolds, S., Valentine, D. (2011). Guide to Cross-cultural Communication. (2nded). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Thomas,D.R. (1994). Understanding cross-cultural communication. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257880583_Understanding_cross-cultural_communication Ybema,S. Hynghae,B. (2009). Cultivating Cultural Differences in Asymmetric Power Relations. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 9(3). 339-358

Animal Farm Essays (740 words) - Literature, Fiction, Politics

Animal Farm Annonymous George Orwell's novel Animal Farm does an excellent job of drawing parallels from the situation leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Animal Farm is a satire that uses its characters to symbolize leaders of the Russian Revolution. The animals of Manor Farm, the setting of this novel, which symbolizes Russia, overthrow their human master after years of mistreatment. Led by the pigs, the farm animals continue to do their work, only with more pride, knowing that they are working for themselves, as opposed to working for their human master, Farmer Jones. Slowly over time the pigs gain power and take advantage of the other animals. They gain so much power that they become just as power hungry and corrupt as their human master. The theme in the novel being that in every society there are leaders who will, if given the chance, likely abuse their position. Old Major is a prize white boar who helps point out to the animals that no animal in England is free. He continues to tell the animals that the their labor is stolen by man, who benefits alone. The animals in return get near nothing, just enough to keep them away from starvation. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major's role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas would spark the communist revolution. Lenin became the leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Old major tells the animals that the source of the problem is man, they must overthrow man to abolish tyranny and hunger. Soon Old Major does die, but his words still echo in the hearts of all the animals. With the leadership of the pigs, the smartest animals, they repel against the human and gain complete control of the farm. This would symbolize the Russian Revolution. Another parallel represented in the book is Farmer Jones. His character is similar to the politician Czar Nicholas who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. The animal rebellion on the farm was started because Farmer Jones was a drunk who never took care of the animals. This made them very angry, fed by the words of Old Major the animals decided to rebel like the Russians. Czar Nicholas was a very weak man who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. The Czar made his working class people very uneasy with the way he used his authority and preached all the time, and the people suffered and finally demanded reform by rebelling. The animal Napoleon can be compared as a character representing Stalin in Russia. Both were very mean looking, didn't talk very much but always got what they wanted through force. In one part of the book Napoleon had the dogs charge Snowball, another animal, as soon as he thought that the pigs were becoming corrupt. Stalin became the Soviet Leader after the death of Lenin. He was underestimated by his opponents who always became his victims, and he had one of the most ruthless, regimes in history. In was not till very many years later that the world found out about the many deaths that Stalin created in Russia during the Revolution. Another strong parrael would is the character of Snowball with the Russian leader Trotsky. Snowball was very enthusiastic and was a leader who organized the defense of the farm. He gave speeches and instructions but was not very beneficial. All the other animals liked him, but he was outsmarted by Napoleon. Trotsky and Stalin's relationship was very much like Snowball's and Napoleons. Trotsky organized the Red Army and gave speeches and everyone in Russia thought he would win power over Stalin. After Lenin's death Trotsky lost all his power to Stalin and was expelled from the communist party. George Orwell has created a masterpiece which is excellent if it is read without any prior knowledge to the situation in Russia. However the added element does wonders for this novel. Orwell is a genius and he has cleverly hidden the satire in such an excellent way, that everything fits into the picture like a

Angels of Life and Death essays

Angels of Life and Death essays "I hated the brutality, the sadism, and the insanity of Nazism. I just couldn't stand by and see people destroyed. I did what I could, what I had to do, what my conscience told me I must do. That's all there is to it. Really, nothing more" (Bulow 9). These are the words of the Angel of Life in the Holocaust, Oskar Schindler. However, the life and light that was inside this man was not in the hearts of all European people between 1933 and 1945. Coinciding with this wonderful figure is one of the most brutal men in all of history who came to be known by many, including the Nazis, as the "Angel of Death." This man, Josef Mengele, was responsible for the unmerciful killing of a large portion of the total of eleven million Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, and other minorities who were murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau during the Holocaust (Bulow 5). Mengele worked under the rule of Adolf Hitler who was the leader of the Nazi party. Hitler and his Nazi regime were in search of the "Final S olution"-their goal was to accomplish the complete destruction of the Jews (Chandler 35). Although the outlandish and wicked goal was not accomplished, the Angel of Death did manage to leave his impression on the lives of an enormous number of people. A true angel, Oskar Schindler, battled this mark of hellish discrimination. Schindler risked his own life and money in order to aid 1,200 Jews to safety during the reign of the devilish Hitler. Thanks to massive bribery and his inside connections, he managed to actively protect his employees." Two different angels thrust into the same time period in history-each man would be remembered for his part in this brutal massacre of innocent people. Oskar Schindler, the Angel of Life who was born into a prosperous family, dealt with bankruptcy multiple times in his life, worked for the cause of 1,200 Jews, and was rewarded with a tree on the Avenue of the ...

Marketing plan for any hospitality product Essay

Marketing plan for any hospitality product - Essay Example This kind of business proves to be promising due to several reasons, first of which is that we have no direct competitors found within the city. As such, The ZEN Home Salon and Spa is the only business of its kind that would cater to the demands of local residents. In addition to this, with Bellevue’s current profile as a major regional economic and employment center (Demographic and Economic Trends, 2009), we will surely be able to identify a captured market among those employed on a full time basis and do not have the luxury of time to go out during their free days to pamper themselves with a much needed massage or with salon services. The ZEN will surely provide these customers with an opportunity to relax in their homes while enjoying our service. Our home-service strategy would further allow them to save on travel time. The ZEN targets to expand its menu of services in the next six months, depending on the perceived needs of the captured market. We are also looking at selling beauty and treatment products within six months of operation. And with our target to offer unparalleled products and services to our client base, we will make it difficult for a competitor to match our service level standards. Moreover, our pricing would be competitive as compared to other Days Spas in Bellevue and in neighboring cities. The strength of The Zen lies on its being the only home-service business of its kind in Bellevue. The next competition that offers exactly the same service is located at Seattle. With this, we are confident that we could easily penetrate the local market and have good competition with other establishments. Following these conditions, The ZEN is optimistic that we will be able to create a need among the target market within three months after our launch. Further, we aim to create a solid and returning client base of 60 households within Bellevue, and another 60 from neighboring cities in six

No Topic Yet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

No Topic Yet - Research Paper Example Bowerman, Connell and Orris (2004) explains that to effectively develop a marketing plan, there is a need of the marketers of an organization to collect data that is able to depict the preferences of customers regarding the products of the company. It is this type of information that Nokia used to correct its weaknesses in the marketing strategy, Nokia began collecting data that highlighted the kind of mobile communication gadgets that consumers preferred. This paper gives a detailed analysis of how Nokia used this information to transform its business operations. Nokia Corporation is a telecommunications company that was formed in the year 1967, mainly because of a merger of three companies based in Finland. After entering the telecommunications business environment, Nokia was able to quickly develop itself as an innovative company that produced highly technological products, especially mobile handsets. In the 1980s, Nokia was able to develop a long term expansion strategy by acquiring French, Finnish as well as German electronic business organizations. These acquisitions were able to strengthen the position of the company in the field of consumer and telecommunication electronics. Approximately 80% of the revenue earned by the company emanates from its mobile business operations (Matsuo, 2013). This is despite the huge competition, and the current downward trend that is experienced in the mobile telephone market. Millar, Millar and Choi (2010) further explains that Nokia controls about one third of the mobile market all over the world. However, during the later years of 2000, the dominance of Nokia in the mobile phone industry began to diminish. This is because of the introduction of smart phone products from companies such as Apples, Samsung and Google was able to take the company’s market share. For instance, the Android operating system of Google, and the iPhone of Apples proved

Bombardier Inc. Railway System Project Report Essay

Bombardier Inc. Railway System Project Report - Essay Example The project is bound to increase economic growth by limiting the time a nation’s population spends on transit, the financial expenses incurred in fuel and provided its innovations of higher speeds and varieties of rail vehicle specialties. This project qualifies into the global category also owing to it necessitating inter-boundary mobility across countries, which is bound to improve international relations, while at the same time complementing other means of heavy load transportation at higher speeds with increased safety. It also meets increasing demand for decent travel, at the maximum securities through its signaling system. Resource savings will be experienced in automobile operating costs, relieved highway congestion, reduced exhaust emissions and energy consumption. More benefits include enhancement of the region’s current transportation system, its practicability as a private and public investment, job creation, community development as well as freight and commu ter rail improvements. The future of this project and many others will depend on the way its implementation will affect the business. If the business would be realized to have grown, then such projects will be given a go ahead without hesitation. However if that is not the case, then there will be no further projects after the end of this one. The project director will summarize the security products produced and installed against the initial objectives and aims of the company with regards to cost and time taken.

The Crime Survey For England And Wales Criminology Essay

The Crime Survey For England And Wales Criminology Essay The National Statistician in 2011 acknowledged that the exclusion of crimes against children from the BCS estimates has been considered a major gap. As a result, in 2009 the survey was extended to include children aged between 10 and 15 (Home Office Statistical Bulletin 2010/11, p. 20). This may help in gaining further knowledge of the full extent of crime in Britain, although this process also comes with its own limitations. The children may not be entirely accurate in their accounts, or fear what may happen to them after responding. The Crime Survey for England and Wales measures the extent of crime in England and Wales by asking people whether they have experienced any crime in the past year.  The survey has measured crime in this way since 1982 and is an important source of information for the government about the extent and nature of crime in England and Wales. It also aims to enquire information regarding the location and timing of crimes, the offenders characteristics and the relationship between victims and offenders (Office for National Statistics, 2012).    A separate survey (the Scottish Crime and Justice survey) measures the extent of crime in Scotland. The survey is conducted by TNS-BMRB on behalf of the Office for National Statistics. Evidence in support of this argument comes from The Home Office (2011) which stated: the BCS offers a more dependable measure of trends in crime as it has a consistent methodology and is unaffected by changes in levels of reporting to the police, recording practice or police activityHowever, the BCS does not aim to provide an absolute count of crime in England and Wales, but to produce estimates of crimes experienced by adults aged 16 and over resident in households. (Home Office Statistical News Release: Crime in England and Wales, 2010/11). Therefore, the survey is not representative of the whole population of Britain and cannot be used to give an overview picture of crime, due to the nature of its sample. Moreover, the survey does not cover all offences such as homicide, fraud and drug offences. On the other hand, police recorded figures have a greater coverage of offences compared to those of the BCS. For example, homicide is not covered by the surveys. Sexual victimisation questions are asked in a separate form, and results are not included in the main total of crime collected by the BCS, due to their delicate nature (Home Office, 2011). Office for National Statistics, 2012): Latest figures from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) for the year ending June 2012 show a 6 per cent decrease in overall crime against adults compared with the previous years survey. This continues the downward trend in recorded crime, seen since 2004/05. (Ref 6, the Guardian) There were 9.1m reported crimes in 2011/12, according to the Crime Survey for England and Wales, but less than half as many 3.9m were recorded by the police. (Ref 13 Home Office, 2010/11, p. 15-16) Police recorded crime has been subject to major changes in recording practice over time, making interpretation of long-term trends for this series is difficult. The BCS and recorded crime provide generally good coverage of crime committed against the public, particularly for offences involving physical harm, loss or damage to property. Recorded crime is limited to those offences which come to the attention of the police, and is affected by changes to reporting rates, recording practice and police activity. Thus for the crime types and population it covers, the BCS is the best long-term measure of crime trends. However, the BCS is limited in its coverage to crimes against those residents in households and so cannot cover all crime types (for example, homicide, crimes against businesses and other organisations and drug possession). Crime is recorded according to the victims account of events, rather than requiring criminal intent to be proven. Th e BCS asks about individuals experience of crime, irrespective of what action was subsequently taken. For police recorded crime, the victim-focused approach is enshrined in the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS).The NCRS states that all incidents reported by a victim to the police should be recorded, if the events described amount to a crime in law and unless there is credible evidence to the contrary. The drop in crime since the mid-1990s is because of improved property and vehicle security, economic influences, social change, use of CCTV and other local crime reduction initiatives and changes in policing and the wider criminal justice system. Pg. 22: A range of non-notifiable crimes may be dealt with by the issuing of a Penalty Notice for Disorder, a Fixed Penalty Notice or prosecution at a magistrates court. Along with non-notifiable offences dealt with by the police (such as speeding), these include many offences that may be dealt with by other agencies for example, prose cutions by TV Licensing or by the DVLA for vehicle registration offences. These counts only relate to offences where action has been brought against an offender and guilt has either been ascertained in court, or the offender has admitted culpability through acceptance of a penalty notice. These crimes generally only come to light through the relevant authorities actively looking to identify offending behaviour. However, they do illustrate that, taking the broadest definition of crime, the main BCS and Recorded Crime statistics only cover a fraction of total criminal behaviour. Crime and society in Britain, Hazel Croall, 2011, p. 40: The role of victims and the public varies with the offence. Some maybe relatively invisible or the victim is totally unaware of any harm or actions regarded abnormal. For example the sexual abuse of children takes place in a private and children are often unaware that something is wrong. Some incidents such as theft at work may result in dismissal only and not involve criminal proceeding. Such incidents are therefore missed out in total crime accounted for by the police records and CSEW. Croall, 2011, Pg. 51: victim surveys use standard classifications of crime missing out white collar and financial crimes, the CSEW is based on households omitting organisations such as businesses, hospitals, schools and care homes, omitting young teenagers and kids, respondents definitions of crime are limited by their memory and restricted to crimes which they are aware of and miss out those they cannot detect themselves, the surveys capture s ingle incidents and underestimate the full extent of repeat victimisation. Pg. 52: self-report surveys that find out how many times the population have participated in criminal activity, provide more detail about the class, age sex or race of those that have admitted to offending. They are often used with young people and therefore provide extremely valuable information about participation in crime. However respondents, particularly children, may be afraid to answer properly as they fear parents might see their answers, or others may exaggerate, hence affecting the accuracy of responses given. These surveys have been restricted to young people making it harder to question other groups of people such as senior executive about embezzlement. Pg. 60: Muir 2010 found that crime has always been and remains higher in England and Wales than in Scotland and Northern Ireland having much lower levels of crime, using a comparison of crime surveys across the UK for 2008/9 figures. Pg. 61: Moreov er, Higgins and Millard 2009 argue that Wales which is generally combined with England has lower rates for most types than England. Tierney, 2006, Pg. 34: before 1992, the BCS used to survey households randomly chosen from electoral registers, however thereafter, the Postcode Address File was used. Pg. 35: Although the BCS provides large numbers of crime incidents not present in police recorded crime figures, this only applies to certain offence categories, rather than crime in general. Pg. 38-39: victim surveys just like police recorded crimes; do not pick up all criminal offences, such as for those under 16 years. Including corporate and organised plus occupational crimes; theft from businesses (shoplifting, insurance fraud), criminal damage, or crimes without victims, plus taxation and social security fraud. Victims may be scared, embarrassed or unaware they are victims. Pg. 41: according to class conflict theories, statistics provide an insight into the class based nature of the criminal justice system, as well as being manipulated to suit the interests of the powerful plus provide indicators of the inequalit ies and biases inherent in the system itself and in a capitalist society in general. Also one must consider the links between criminal activity, police clear up rates and various community-based initiatives. Tierney, 2006, Pg. 44: changes to counting rules in 1998 mainly affected violent crime and led to some previously less serious, non-notifiable assaults being categorised as notifiable. In 2002, police had to take victims account at face value, until proven otherwise, resulting in increasing the number of offences recorded. This is a further illustration of the socially constructed nature of criminal statistics. Pg. 20: Maguire 1994 suggests crime itself is a social contrast and statistics that relate to it are socially constructed. Croall, 2011, p. 42: the higher rates of reporting property crimes, especially car thefts, result from the requirements of insurance policies. Potential crimes come to the attention of police and other law enforcement agencies by being directly encountered or reported, with the majority being reported to the police by the public (Maguire 2007). Law enforcement decisions affect all subsequent stages when a crime is encountered or reported. Not all complaints are recorded, creating a distinction between offences reported to and recorded by the police. Offences may not be recorded because they are not regarded as sufficiently serious or defined as involving no crime (Coleman and Moynihan, 1996). Croall, 2011: Changes were made in police recording procedures following the introduction of the national crime recording standards (NCRS) in 2002. These have a major impact on the reliability of official statistics, especially as recording practices in different areas and jurisdictions may vary , complicating any comparisons. They also affect overall increases and decreases and changes can create apparent crime waves. Recorded crime series were affected by new counting rules from 1998 onwards and by the NCRS from 2002 onwards. Pg. 44:.most police forces are encouraged to be cost effective and as a result successive governments have introduced diversionary schemes where offences are dealt with out of court such as on-the-spot fines. This underlines the existence of an unknowable dark figure of crime which is never recorded in the official statistics. Therefore officially recorded crimes and convicted offenders are those that have survived the process of attrition and are not representative of all who break the criminal law. Pg. 45: crimes which are more visible and take place in public are more likely to be processed than those taking place in private. For example street crimes of young people are more likely to be counted than crimes of white collar offenders which take pl ace in the offices or crimes which take place in the home, further distorting the relationships between age, gender or social class and offending. Variations in the proportions of crimes counted means that it can rarely be said with any certainty that any particular kind of crime is rising or falling, as any apparent increases or decreases could merely represent a change in the proportion of crimes reported to or recorded by the agencies. Changes in police recording practices can create crime waves or alternatively reductions in crime. On the other hand, more policing can increase crime rates, by catching more and recording more crime. Home office, stats bulletin, 2010/11, Pg. 24: Together they provide a more comprehensive picture than could be obtained from either series alone. However, neither the BCS nor police recorded crime aim to provide complete counts of crime. The coverage of police recorded crime statistics is defined by the Notifiable Offence List1, which includes a broad range of offences, from murder to minor criminal damage, theft and public order offences. However, there are some, mainly less serious offences that are excluded from the recorded crime collection. These non-notifiable crimes include many incidents that might generally considered to be anti-social behaviour but that may also be crimes in law (including bye-laws) such as littering, begging and drunkenness. Other non-notifiable offences include driving under the influence of alcohol, parking offences and TV licence evasion. The survey also excludes some other offences for which it may not be possible to collect robust estimates of crime l evels (such as sexual offences). However, the BCS does capture other information about such offences. The BCS is a face-to-face victimisation survey in which people resident in households in England and Wales are asked about their experiences of crime in the 12 months prior to interview. Until recently the BCS did not cover crimes against those aged under 16, but since January 2009 interviews have been carried out with children aged 10 to 15. Experimental statistics for children are shown separately. Pg. 26: For the crime types and population it covers, the BCS provides a better reflection of the extent of household and personal crime than police recorded statistics because it includes crimes that are not reported to or recorded by the police. The BCS is also a better indicator of long-term trends because it is unaffected by changes in levels of reporting to the police or by police recording practices. Although the focus of ensuring comparability over time means that the BCS does no t include some relatively new crimes in its main crime count, such as plastic card fraud, these are asked about and presented. BCS estimates for 2010/11 are based on face-to-face interviews with 46,754 respondents. The BCS has a high response rate (76%) and the survey is weighted to adjust for possible non-response bias and to ensure the sample reflects the profile of the general population. Being based on a sample survey, BCS estimates are subject to a margin of error. Police recorded crime statistics are administrative data based on notifiable crimes that are reported to and recorded by the police in England and Wales. Unlike the BCS, recorded crime includes crime against commercial and public sector bodies, and so-called victimless crimes (such as drug possession offences). Recorded crime figures provide a good measure of trends in well-reported crimes (in particular, homicide, which is not covered by the BCS), can be used for local crime pattern analysis and are important indicators of police workload. However, there are also categories of crime whose numbers are heavily influenced by the extent to which police proactively investigate. Police recording practice is governed by the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS). The NCRS was introduced nationally in April 2002 to ensure greater consistency and transparency of crime recording between forces, together with a victim focus where crimes reported by the public are recorded unless there is credible evidence to the contrary. Crime data are collected from police forces for each crime within the Notifiable Offence List and according to Home Office Counting Rules. Police recorded crime figures should be seen as a product of an administrative system where rules can be subject to different interpretation a nd, for some categories of crime, can reflect police workload and activity rather than underlying levels of crime. Pg. 27: While the coverage differs both in terms of offence types and population groups, property crime accounts for the majority of both BCS and recorded crime (77% and 70% respectively) with violence, including robbery, accounting for most of the remainder 23 per cent of BCS crime and 22 per cent of recorded crime. Pg. 17; the introduction of the NCRS in April 2002 considerably increased the recording of less serious violent crime by the police and figures are not directly comparable across this break in the series. Philip Schlesinger Howard Tumber, 1999, Pg. 7: new forms of crime have emerged: hard drug trafficking, terrorism and corporate fraud. Page 144: developments in police work such as computer use and forensic science, this allows for more crime to be detected. Newburn, 2012, the guardian: theft has become much more difficult.  Then there is surveillance. While the impact of CCTV is generally much less than one would imagine given how widespread it has become, it is effective in some areas and is an aid to the police and private security. There are now more police officers than there were 20 years ago. Add in  Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) security guards and the gradual re-emergence of other jobs with a partial safety and security focus (ticket inspectors, caretakers, park keepers and the rest) and you have a substantial expansion of the eyes and ears available for crime prevention. Home Office Statistical Bulletin, 2010/11: Pg 29-30: BCS crime fell markedly between 1995 and the 2004/05 BCS. Since 2004/05 the underlying trend in BCS crime has continued to be downward, although at a slower rate and with some fluctuation in year-to-year estimates. Recorded crime fell each year until 1998/99 when the expanded coverage and changes in the Counting Rules resulted in an increase in recorded offences; this was followed by the introduction of the NCRS in April 2002, although some forces adopted NCRS practices before the standard was formally introduced. The introduction of NCRS led to a rise in recording in 2002/03 and, particularly for less serious violent crime, in following years as forces continued to improve compliance with the new standard. From 2001/02 to 2003/04 there was considerable divergence in the trends for BCS and police recorded crime, mainly associated with police recording changes (which particularly influenced violence against the person). Since 2003/0 4, despite some fluctuations, trends have been more consistent between the two series.

Lorraine Hansberry Essay -- essays research papers

Her first play, A Raisin In the Sun, is based on her childhood experiences of desegregating a white neighborhood. It won the New York Drama Critic's Circle Award as Best Play of the Year. She was the youngest American, the fifth woman and the first black to win the award. Her success opened the floodgates for a generation of modern black actors and writers who were influenced and encouraged by her writing. Hansberry was born in 1930, the youngest of four children of Carl and Nannie Hansberry, a respected and successful black family in Chicago, Illinois. Nannie was the college educated daughter of an African Methodist Episcopal minister, and Carl was a successful real estate businessman, an inventor and a politician who ran for congress in 1940. Both parents were activists challenging discriminating Jim Crow Laws. Because of their stature in the black community such important black leaders as Paul Robeson, W.E.B. DuBois, and Langston Hughes frequented the Hansberry home as Lorraine was growing up. Although they could afford good private schools, Lorraine was educated in the segregated public schools as her family worked within the system to change the laws governing segregation. After high school Hansberry briefly attended the University of Wisconsin at Madison before moving to New York for "an education of another kind." She married Robert Nemiroff, a white Jewish intellectual who she met on a picket line protesting the exclusion of black athletes from universi...

Humanitarian Intervention Essay

By way of analogy, one should think of the world as a large neighborhood where people live and go about their business. Naturally, whenever one would ask for help, they would approach their neighbor for it and it is up to the latter to render that help or not if it is within their capacity to provide that help. The issue here now is what if help is not asked for and yet a neighbor sees trouble. Would he let them be or get involved to address the issue? Viewing it from a bigger picture, the world stage also faces this kind of problem. There are states that also face a similar situation. The challenge now is, should other states intervene even if they are not â€Å"invited? † This is the dilemma facing members of the international community today and even the United Nations, supposedly the first line of defense and the court of last resort of states that are in danger of becoming failed states or where political instability is too much for national governments to handle on their own or they became repressive towards their own people that the latter have nowhere else to turn to. There are some states that want to intervene in the affairs of other states precisely for this reason, which is primarily to help, nothing more. But this would present a dilemma. Which is more important or carries more weight, (international) human rights, or (national) sovereignty? Is there a distinction between â€Å"humanitarian intervention† and imperialism? What could be well-meaning intervention to help the poor and oppressed people of a particular country could be viewed as an invasion or an encroachment or violation of sovereignty and thereby earn the condemnation of the rest of the international community. The issue now is if the intervention undertaken is legitimate. Legitimacy of actions is not definite and is subjective, depending on how one views it. The Following are cases of humanitarian interventions conducted in the past and how did the international community react to it: East Pakistan (Bangladesh) – 1971: When British India became independent from Britain in 1947, it had adverse consequences, independence also led to the partition of India which saw the creation of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan. Pakistan, in turn, was divided into West Pakistan, where the seat of government is situated and East Pakistan, located along India’s eastern border. These two states are separated by India. Furthermore, despite carrying the same name â€Å"Pakistan,† these two states are culturally different despite being Muslim, those in the east speak Bengali, a language that is related to that of the Indians. The east Pakistanis did not feel any cultural affinity with those from the west and they feel marginalized. Because of this â€Å"cold† treatment from the west, they began batting for autonomy led by the Awami League of Sheik Mujibur Rahman. The leaders in the west saw it as an act of secession and moved swiftly to suppress it through military intervention. What happened next was a virtual civil war as the East Pakistanis, or Bengalis resisted the West Pakistanis, seeing them more as invaders and the latter responded with severe repression that saw countless atrocities being committed. The matter was brought up the United Nations (UN) where the actions of Pakistan was condemned yet no severe action was taken as the UN Security Council was divided with the United States and China backing up Pakistan and the Soviet Union on India’s side. The partiality of the superpowers prevented any punitive measures taken against Pakistan. India had been covertly supporting Bengali resistance served as the latter’s staging area for attacks against Pakistani occupiers. This led Pakistan to believe India joined the battle and the Third India-Pakistan War broke out. Eventually, Indian forces prevailed. India’s victory also assured the independence of East Pakistan which was renamed Bangladesh (Wheeler, 2000, pp. 63-64). Somalia (1992-1993): UN involvement in this East African nation stemmed from the famine that has nearly devastated Somalia. This was further exacerbated by the increasing anarchy brought about by the lack of a central government and with competing warlords vying for control as civil war broke out in 1991. The UN organized a peacekeeping mission called United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) calling for the establishment of a security force of 50 UN troops in Somalia to monitor the ceasefire. Despite the UN’s efforts, the ceasefire was ignored by the warlords, especially Mohammed Farid Aidid. Fighting continued and further intensified, jeopardizing UN relief efforts as they were targeted for attacks as well. The harassment of UN personnel prompted the intervention of the United States in what became Operation Restore Hope to ensure the continuation of the relief efforts and what makes American presence different was that it was authorized to utilize â€Å"all necessary means† to ensure the protection of the relief efforts which it initially did, conducting proactive military operations against militias until October on 1993, following the â€Å"Blackhawk Down† incident in October of 1993, the Clinton Administration, in a knee-jerk reaction to the casualties incurred (18 US soldiers killed and one captured), ordered the pull out of US forces from Somalia (Wheeler, 2000, pp. 172-176). The absence of American military muscle also led to the pull out of UN forces from the region as well and Somalia is still what it was 10 years ago where lawlessness still prevailed and this was further evidenced by the proliferation of pirates along the Indian Ocean which used Somalia as the base of operations owing to the lawlessness there. Rwanda (1993-1994): In the case of Rwanda, ethic conflict broke out between the Hutus and Tutsis. The UN intervened through the creation of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) on October of 1993 to oversee the peace efforts in the region. The biggest contributing countries along with Belgium were Ghana, Tunisia, Bangladesh, and Canada. In the latter part of 1993, both Hutus and Tutsis appeared to be honoring the Arusha Accords, and reaffirmed such commitment to creating a new, broad-based transitional government by the end of the year. However, things went sour following the downing of the aircraft carrying Rwandan President Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntarayima of Burundi. It inflamed hatred and a killing spree ensured. Among the first targets of the genocide were Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana and 10 Belgian members of UNAMIR after handing over their weapons to Rwandan government troops. In a knee-jerk reaction similar to what the Clinton Administration did following the international embarrassment the United States suffered in Somalia in 1993, Belgium pulled out its troops from UNAMIR and other contingents followed suit. UNAMIR was left with 270 soldiers supported by less than 200 local authorities. The UNAMIR did the best it could with what forces remained. As individuals and as a group, members of the UNAMIR forces did manage to save the lives of thousands of Tutsis in and around Kigali and the few areas of UN control. Despite their best efforts, to the eyes of the world, they appeared to be apathetic or indifferent, standing idly by as Hutus were murdering Tutsis on a larger scale. The French deployed troops following the outbreak of the genocide yet it was for the purpose of evacuating their embassy as well as several members of the late president’s cabinet (Wheeler, 2000, p. 219). The genocide eventually abated with the arrival of a multi-national force from several African states. Yugoslavia (1995-Present): Following the collapse of the communist regime in Yugoslavia, age-old ethnic hatreds reemerged as pre-World War I states began to come back into existence as the nation Josip Broz Tito once ruled disintegrated. This was very apparent in the hatred towards the local Muslim population, particularly by the (Bosnian) Serbs. There were eight UN PKO’s in the former Yugoslavia and they were made up of over 20 member states. Despite signing a truce, the civil war resumed and it was the Bosnian Muslims, and later the Kosovars who bore the brunt of Serb brutality which was presided over by Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic and Serbian leader Radovan Karadic. They invoked nationalism to inflame the passions of the Serbs who then proceeded to conduct â€Å"ethnic cleansing† which was underscored by the massacre at Srebrenica in 1995 which was supposed to be a UN â€Å"safe area† and this happened after Serb forces drove a UN peacekeeping contingent out when the latter could not defend themselves against a larger Serb force and had to pull out. In retaliation, there were some peacekeepers even held hostage by the Bosnian Muslims and used as human shields to force the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) into attacking the Serbs. Seeing the ineffectiveness of the UN PKO, NATO began to intervene to add more political muscle starting with air strikes to bring the Serbs back to the negotiating table and eventually deploying troops to enforce the peace in the troubled region as a â€Å"stabilization force† and took it upon themselves to go after Serbian war criminals (Wheeler, 2000, p. 16). Analysis: Upon close analysis, all these situation involved humanitarian intervention which called for the deployment of a military force to make humanitarian relief efforts possible. Among the given cases, it would be nearly impossible to determine which is the least justified. If there needs to be one, it would have to be India’s intervention in Pakistan’s civil war which became its war against Pakistan as well. It would be least justified if it is seen from a legal perspective. India was interfering in what seemed to be an internal dispute between Pakistan. Beyond the legal however, one has to take into consideration that India is flanked on both side by East (Bangladesh) and West Pakistan and strategically she would be in peril considering that her relationship with Pakistan is anything but cordial and as such would rather the face one opponent instead of two. Secondly, the Bengalis were closer to them than the Pakistanis despite being Muslim. Somalia, as well as Rwanda’ would turn out the ones that badly need humanitarian intervention. Given the utter lawlessness and chaos that has visited the country, it appears that the Somalis and Rwandans could not seem to address their problems and this thereby necessitates humanitarian intervention given the fact its people are suffering from famine and genocide respectively. Aid could not get through to them since there is virtually no government there to bring order and it is the warlords who are in charge and they care about is power. After seeing the UN as weak in enforcing its will, the United States, under the first Bush Administration, took the lead in bringing order back into Somalia but unfortunately the Clinton Administration took a different approach especially after the â€Å"Blackhawk Down† incident. Instead of following through to bring Aidid to justice, they decided to pull out. The same thing can be said in Rwanda as well, especially after the murder of the Belgian peacekeepers. Putting them together, the west appeared to be somewhat unwilling to make sacrifices to help address the problems of the Somalis and Rwandans, especially after the deaths of their people. It is as though they felt Africans were not worth saving or dying for and this has sent a wrong message – the west is unwilling to sacrifice for Africans and this also contains racist undertones and has placed a sense of embarrassment to the west for their apparent apathy or â€Å"cowardice† towards Africa. Yugoslavia proved to be the application of the lessons learned from Somalia and Rwanda as the Serbs went on an â€Å"ethnic cleansing† spree, killing Muslims. When news of the atrocities became known throughout the world, they took a stand and finally acted upon it with the deployment of NATO forces to enforce the peace but at the same time, operate with rules of engagement that would enable them to defend themselves appropriately while carrying out this vital mission. Wheeler’s point is that moral considerations should be taken into account. It can be inferred in his work that human life is the most precious thing on the planet and these are wasted or sacrificed needlessly by their own people and government for the sake of power or out of spite. Governments are supposed to look out for their citizens and if they cannot do this, who can the people turn to? This is a symptom of a failed state and it should be the moral responsibility of the international community to help restore order. The problem with laws, both national and international is that it is not perfect. Just because things are put into law does not mean it is perfect and explicit. Laws are inherently implicit as loopholes will be found and used to get around it and this is what prevents humanitarian interventions from taking place or condemn those who do intervene. Nevertheless, Wheeler presents a valid point in emphasizing the moral factor which he feels, as well as most of the world probably feels as well that as a (global) community, â€Å"neighbors† should look out for each other as well because what may seem an internal matter might someday move to their doorstep someday. This has to be addressed the soonest to preserve the peace and order in the community.

Education Reform in Japan essays

Education Reform in Japan essays The Need for Reform in Japanese Education One of the most debated issues in modern Japan is education reform. Japan is world renowned for its demanding education requirements and high academic standards. In response to modernization after World War II, the Japanese made substantial changes to their education system: high schools and universities were built, technological research was encouraged, and compulsory education was strictly enforced. However, these advances have come at a price. The Japanese school schedule is long and tedious; schools run for fourteen hours a day, six days a week, 250 days a year. Further more, students attend juku, or cram schools, to prepare for jukenjigoku, or Examination Hell; deal with daily ijime, bullying; and face an insurmountable amount of pressure from their parents, teachers and peers to conform to strict societal rules and standards. Japans education system needs reform that addresses these issues, and eases the tremendous amount of stress that students face on a daily basis. The most important reason to reform Japanese education is the stress it puts on students. Educators spend a majority of their time occupied with academics, which leaves little time for teaching basic human values or providing options to outlet students stress. Ijime, Japanese bullying, is one of the consequences of the intense environment at Japanese schools. Victims of ijime face water torture, daily beatings, and terrifying threats. The bullying reflects the extreme academic competition and the fact that Japanese educators spend more time teaching mindless facts than human values. Nakasone, a political leader in Japan, blames the educators for the rise in moral delinquency among youth. He points out that as a result of the effort to academically keep ahead of the western world, teachers are failing to instill the traditional Japanese principles of respect and discipline (Schoppa 1). Others point to ...

12 Angry Men Essays (560 words) - English-language Films

12 Angry Men Essays (560 words) - English-language Films 12 Angry Men 12 Angry Men: Juror #8 is the Most Important Juror Juror #8 was the most important juror in the play Twelve Angry Men for a number of reasons. The first reason is that when all the other jurors voted guilty without even thinking about their decisions, Juror #8 suggested that they talk about it before jumping to conclusions. Even when some of the other jurors got mad and started yelling at him, he stayed calm and tried to work things out in a mature fashion. The second reason is that he convinced Juror #9 to change his vote to not guilty. This was an important step because it paved the way for the other jurors to change their minds also. The third reason is Juror #8 re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The first reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is that when all the other jurors quickly voted guilty, without discussing it first, he suggested that they talk about it for a little bit. When asked if he thought the boy was guilty or not guilty, he said, I dont know. This shows that he hadnt decided one way or the other. When asked why he voted this way, he replied, Its not easy for me to raise my hand and send a boy off to die without talking about it first. This shows that he wanted to talk things over with the other jurors before he makes a decision. Later on he said, I just want to talk for a while. This is more proof that he wanted to discuss the issue. The second reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is because he convinced Juror #9 to change his vote to not guilty. This was important because if no one changed his or her decision in the second vote, Juror #8 said he would change his vote to not guilty. However, Juror #9 did change his vote giving Juror #8 more time to talk about the case. Juror #9 said, He gambled for support and I gave it to him. I want to hear more. By convincing one person to change their vote, it forced everybody to listen to more arguments, and possibly change their thinking on the case. The third reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is that he re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The first time Juror #8 re-enacted a scene was when he proves that the old man could not have walked from his bedroom to the hallway in fifteen seconds. He did this by measuring how far his bedroom was from he hallway, and then walking it himself. It took him thirty-one seconds, making it impossible for the old man to have made it in fifteen. By doing this re-enactment, he changed the minds of several other jurors. With the points I have given, Juror #8 is the most important juror. Not only did he do what he felt was the right thing to do, but he also may have saved a boys life. For these reasons Juror #8 is the most important juror in the play Twelve Angry Men. Bibliography English Literature Book

Supercapacitors applications , environmental issues and safety Essay

Supercapacitors applications , environmental issues and safety - Essay Example It is also ecofriendly as opposed to the two. Super capacitors are therefore increasingly becoming more probable solutions over both of them in some occasions INTRODUCTION The demand for environmentally friendly energy is ever growing in this globe of rapidly advancing technology. This is mostly so in the developed nations and more so in the scientific frontier. This has led to the technology of capacitors being refined with the aim of storing more energy in devices so that the lesser environmentally friendly storage products like batteries are facing out. This progress has led to the birth of major adorable devices. Electric double layer capacitor, better known as a super capacitor, is one such device. Super capacitors are also by many other names for instance ultra-capacitors and electric double layer capacitors. Super capacitors are capacitors with high capacitance of greater value compared to the capacitors currently available in the market. It exhibits values of up to close to 4 00 F in a standard size of a single capacitor. This is achieved through utilization of high surface area electrode materials coupled alongside very thin electrolytic dielectrics. Its first appearance is dated back to close to 2004. Its first application was in 2005 where it was first used in robots and later in Airbuses. Its technology registered within this period was so rapid that is application and market grew so fast. This paper reviews the applications of super capacitors and environmental impact of super capacitors. Super capacitors and the environment Toxicity Super capacitors have no heavy metals in its composing components. This is a big relief when is compared to the batteries which also serve the same purpose as this type of capacitor. Lead batteries have metals like lead making their exposure to the environment hazardous given the toxicity of lead. Some super capacitors use a liquid salt to act as its electrolyte. This liquid is environmentally friendly. On top of that, they have the capability to use electrolytes in the blood further displaying their capability of using common place materials that have totally no harm on the environment. It is approximated that most super capacitors use coconut shells as powdered activated carbon. This is a very environmentally friendly activated carbon with no environmental threat at all. Even when heated or exploded, the emissions are harmless as they majorly contain water contained in the electrolyte. Recycle ability By virtue of being rechargeable, the super capacitors reduces the amount of waste being churned out to the environment however biodegradable. This in turn reduces the environmental pollution. During its entire lifetime of charging and recharging there are no wastes discharged to the environment. Safety The talk of safety is never complete without the consideration of the risks of a product to the user. Even when overcharged, the super capacitor does not explode as the conventional capacitor or batt ery would. This ensures that the users and handlers of any gadget remain safe even if they forgot to stop its charging in recommended time. Applications By virtue of its numerous advantages, super capacitors are fast gaining popularity in the design of electronic gadgets. The table below contains most of its applications and the role super capacitors play in those gadgets. APPLICATION FUNCTION Mobile phones Real-time Back up Personal

Writing Fundmentals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing Fundmentals - Essay Example In the first paragraph, Ruth Winter is only five years old. After a year, she joins school in the second paragraph, and she is now six years old. The third paragraph in this essay is set during the summer of  the authors  second grade, which means that Winter is seven years old, and a few months shy off eight years. The fourth paragraph in the essay is set when Winter is in her third grade of school, which puts her age at eight years. In the fifth paragraph, Winter is ten years old while she attains the age of eleven years and she is in  her high school education in the sixth paragraph. In the final paragraph, Winter is eighteen years old. The article by Roach may be a little disturbing, but it is also fascinating in the same breathe. In this case, the author visits a medical facility where dead bodies are donated for research. Roach uses humor to explain the crucial role that these dead bodies play  since  surgeons use them to practice  before an actual brain surgery, which highlights the critical role of the heads of the dead bodies in surgical procedures to save

Imperial China's Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Imperial China's Development - Essay Example This study stresses that  the History of the Chinese people’s development does not just involve the rise and fall of dynasties, but is also greatly endowed by the presence of religion which played a primary role in the society. Religion played a key role in influencing their perception of the world, and of the people around them. These religions came into existence through their founders, who subscribed to a certain set of beliefs. The three most dominant religions in China include the Confucius wisdom, Budhism and the Taoist perception. Confucius, also known as Qong Kiu was the most influential of the Chinese history. His main idea was to create a moral upright behavior. His concern was for every government to build a just society. He believed in the respect for hierarchy, in which everyone should act according to his place in the hierarchy.  This paper highlights that the Taoism religion also influenced and still influences the Chinese religions. This perception is influ enced by the belief that there is a source of and force behind everything that exists.   The three attributes; patience, humility and compassion are emphasized on. This religion greatly influenced the nature of interactions between people in China, and has been widely embraced by the Chinese.  The Buddhism religion is closely linked to Confucius wisdom. They complement each other, and one cannot exist without the other. Buddhism embraces the role of the natural environment in bringing harmony in people.

Geographic Information System Essay Example for Free

Geographic Information System Essay A Geographic Information system or a GIS is a tool to capture, store and managing data which are spatially related to Earth. In close terms, the system is related to managing, integrating, storing and analyzing geographically referenced information. Geographic Information system is used in the process of scientific research, natural resource management, impact of pollution on environment, land use and planning, company sales and marketing and criminology. For example, Geographic Information system is often used energy planners who need to calculate the emergency response times during an emergency like a natural disaster. Also, Geographic Information system is used to find the areas that are affected by pollution – wet lands or used by companies to take advantage of an untapped economy or an unreserved market. HISTORY OF GIS The first use of a Geographic Information system is that recorded in 1854, by Sir John Snow. In the event of Cholera outbreak in London, he used a map which directed signs towards the individual cases of cholera in the city. This study which helped the administration to reach to the source of the outbreak, which was an infected water pump. After knowing the root cause of the outbreak, immediate steps were taken by the administration. This strategy of John Snow to collect all the information about the cholera cases in the city on a geographical map of the city and then to analyze the information at hand, thereby reaching at some conclusions that were helpful in fighting with the outbreak is the true essence of a Geographic Information system. Fig 1: Map showing clusters of Cholera cases in London by John Snow In the year 1962, the true face of Geographic Information system came into existence with the Federal Department of Rural development in Canada. The first Geographic Information system was developed by Dr. Roger Tomlinson, and was to help the Land inventory department to gather and analyze information related to the land use and capability, soil structure and forest area in Ontario. This system possessed some enhanced features like – mapping, overlaying, measurement, scaling and scanning. It also had a co-ordinate system that could inter relate every other part of the continent and could scale huge areas into very small ones. The use of overlays in extending the method of spatial analysis of geographical data was also included in this first Geographic Information system. However, this Geographic Information system was never brought out into the market for commercialization purposes. The first commercial Geographic Information system was developed during the late 1980’s by the MS Computing research Institute and this commercial Geographic Information system had a successful combination of the first Geographic Information system developed in 1962 by Sir John Snow. It had the technique of spatial attribution, and organizing of data with the help of database structures. With the onset of the 20th century, there was a fast growth in the development of commercial Geographic Information systems to transport, gather and analyze data in all commercial fields. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of free open source commercial Geographic Information systems which can be used in accordance with a number of operating systems and can also be customized top match up some specific tasks. DATA CREATION IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM The Geographic Information Systems that exist today make use of the information that is present in the digital form. The methods of data creation for a Geographic Information system are many and the most commonly accepted method for data creation of digital data is digitization. In this method, Computer aided design method is used to transfer the data present on a hard copy, into a digital form, and geo-referencing capabilities. Another popular form of extracting geographical data into digital form is by ortho-rectified imagery, in which head up digitizing is the main way through which tracing of geographical data is done directly rather than traditionally tracing the geographical data on a different digitizing tablet. LINKING INFORMATION FROM VARIOUS ORIGINS With the help of Geographic Information Systems, a myriad of information gathering is possible. Suppose for example, if the rainfall data about a particular state and its aerial snaps or the area are gathered, then it relatively easier to predict the area which dries up during summer. A Geographic Information Systems can make use of various forms of information by linking them together and analyzing the whole bunch together. The elementary requirement for knowing the exact source of data is the knowledge of variables. The location of a certain area is denoted by x,y,z coordinates, where x corresponds to Longitude, y corresponds to latitude and z corresponds to elevation. These values may vary according to the needs and types of data required. A Geographic Information System is capable of changing any form of digital data into usable form that is recognized by the system and is used. For instance, the satellite images that are generated with the help of remote sensing satellites are processed by a Geographic Information System to corresponding map like information which can be easily read by the Geographic Information System. Similarly, the hydrologic tabular data in the tabular form can be converted into a data map, which is used as layers of information in a Geographic Information System. DATA REPRESENTATION The Geographic Information System offers the presentation of real time objects like land, roads, height etc, in the digital form. However, the real time data is further divided into two types: discrete and continuous data. Discrete data includes data like a building, area of land, while continuous data represents level of rain, height of a particular area, or elevation. There are two main methods of storing data in a Geographic Information System for both discrete and continuous forms. 1. Raster method – this form of data is stored in the form of cell rows and cell columns, where a single value data is stored in each cell. Since raster is used to store a single data, in each cell, continuous forms of data an extended table of more than one row or column is used. 2. Vector Method – in a Geographic Information System, it is often needed to express data in the form of vectors. In order to store data which possesses some sort of direction, use of polygons is made in the Geographic Information Systems. These polygons or geometrical shapes are also called as Shape files. Zero dimensional points, one dimensional lines, two dimensional polygons are some examples of shape files used in Geographic Information Systems. Points are used to denote real time objects like location of a school, building, home, well etc. lines are used to denote roads, railway lines, rivers etc. polygons are used to point to an area of land, city boundaries, water bodies etc. Each of these geometric shapes / geometries are associated with single rows in the database of the Geographic Information System, and this describes their characteristics completely. For example, consider a Geographic Information System data base that gives information about the various lakes in a particular area, their depth, and quality of water, color of water and the level of pollutants that are mixed with water. These sets of information can be each used separately to make a map to describe that particular data set. Also, the Geographic Information Systems can be used to identify and locate the wells that are present in the area, in particular that are within the one mile area of the lake. The wells are identified as point geometry and the lakes as polygon geometry in the Geographic Information System data map sets. Vector characteristics in a Geographic Information System data set can also be altered to maintain the spatial characteristic or integrity of a particular data / location, with the application of certain topology rules. A simple basic rule used in Geographic Information Systems is that the polygons must never overlap each other. The vector data sets can be appropriately used to represent the continuous data sets or continuously varying information. The contour lines and triangulated discontinuous areas and networks are used to characterize the elevation / height above sea level and other examples of continuous values. The triangulated discontinuous areas record the values of a point location which are in the form of a mesh formed with the help of lines connected from each other signifying other areas and point locations. For example, the face of a mesh in the form of a triangle is used to represent the terrain surface in Geographic Information Systems.

Intel The Corporation :: essays papers

Intel The Corporation "A corporation is a business that, although owned by one or more investors, legally has the rights and duties of an individual. Corporations have the right to buy, sell, and own property. Corporations may make legal contracts, hire and fire workers, set prices, and be sued, fined, and taxed. A business must obtain a charter of incorporation from a state legislature or Congress to be legally recognized as a corporation."(Watson, p211) While corporations didn't exist until the mid to late 1800s, the idea of the corporation had existed since the early 1600s. It all started with English merchants who started trading companies to help fund the early colonies. If the colonies thrived, the stockholders reaped in the profit. (Watson, p211) A corporation is started when a sole proprietorship, a one-owner business, that is the most common form of business institution in the US, or a partnership, an association of two or more people in order to run a business, decides that they don't want to be personally responsible for any loss the company might have. (Watson, p211) Or they might decide that they want the company to "live on" after they die, that is for the business to have "unlimited life". Since neither of these goals can be reached with a sole proprietorship, or a partnership, the owner (or owners, as the case may be) decide that he (they) want to "convert" their business to a corporation. The owner(s) file a charter of incorporation from the government to be legally recognized as a corporation. (Boyd, March, 99) The owner(s) then sell shares of stock, documents representing ownership in the corporation, to investors. These investors buy and sell the stock to small investors, or stockholders. Since there is no li mit to the number of shareholders to a company, the investors vote (for every share you own you get one vote) on a board of directors. The board of directors are in charge of hiring the people responsible for the every-day running of the corporation. These positions include, but are not limited to: the president, vice president, and other chief administrators. (Watson, p211-212) If a corporation reaps a profit, investors may receive a dividend, or a share of the monetary gain made by the company. The elected board of directors choose whether the money will go towards profit, expansion of the company, modernization of the company, or research and development.

Comparing Hamlets Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude :: comparison compare contrast essays

Hamlet's Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern folklore suggests women look at a man's relationship with his mother to predict how they will treat other women in their life.  Ã‚   Hamlet is a good example of a son's treatment of his mother reflecting how he will treat the woman he loves because when considering Hamlet's attitude and treatment of the Ophelia in William Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, one must first consider how Hamlet treated his mother.   A characteristic of Hamlet's personality is to make broad, sweeping generalizations and nowhere is this more evident than in his treatment toward women.   Very early in the play, while discussing his mother's transgressions, he comments, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman. (Hoy, 11).†Ã‚   Hamlet appears to believe all women act in the same manner as his mother.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first time the audience meets Hamlet, he is angry and upset at Queen Gertrude, his mother, for remarrying his uncle so soon after the death of his father.   In his first soliloquy he comments on the speed of her remarriage      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within a month,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She married.   O, most wicked speed, to post   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not, nor it cannot come to good.   (Hoy, 11)    It is understandable Hamlet is upset with his mother for forgetting about his father and marrying his uncle, Claudius.   In Hamlet's eyes, his father deserves more than one month of mourning and by remarrying so quickly, the queen has sullied King Hamlet's memory. This remarriage is a sin and illegal, however special dispensation was made because she is queen.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's opinion of his mother worsens as the play progresses because his father, who appears as a ghost, tells him of his mother's adulterous behavior and his uncle's shrewd and unconscionable murder.   Although Hamlet promises to seek revenge on King Claudius for murdering his father, he is initially more concerned with the ghost's revelations regarding his mother. King Hamlet tells Hamlet not to be concerned with his mother but after the apparition leaves, it is the first thing Hamlet speaks of.   Before vowing to avenge his father's death, he comments on the sins his mother committed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Hamlet decides to pretend to be insane in order to plot against the King, it is clear, he really does go mad.   His madness seems to amplify his anger toward his mother.   During the play scene, he openly embarrasses her and acted terribly toward her in the closet scene.   The closet scene explains much Comparing Hamlet's Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude :: comparison compare contrast essays Hamlet's Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern folklore suggests women look at a man's relationship with his mother to predict how they will treat other women in their life.  Ã‚   Hamlet is a good example of a son's treatment of his mother reflecting how he will treat the woman he loves because when considering Hamlet's attitude and treatment of the Ophelia in William Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, one must first consider how Hamlet treated his mother.   A characteristic of Hamlet's personality is to make broad, sweeping generalizations and nowhere is this more evident than in his treatment toward women.   Very early in the play, while discussing his mother's transgressions, he comments, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman. (Hoy, 11).†Ã‚   Hamlet appears to believe all women act in the same manner as his mother.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first time the audience meets Hamlet, he is angry and upset at Queen Gertrude, his mother, for remarrying his uncle so soon after the death of his father.   In his first soliloquy he comments on the speed of her remarriage      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within a month,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She married.   O, most wicked speed, to post   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not, nor it cannot come to good.   (Hoy, 11)    It is understandable Hamlet is upset with his mother for forgetting about his father and marrying his uncle, Claudius.   In Hamlet's eyes, his father deserves more than one month of mourning and by remarrying so quickly, the queen has sullied King Hamlet's memory. This remarriage is a sin and illegal, however special dispensation was made because she is queen.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's opinion of his mother worsens as the play progresses because his father, who appears as a ghost, tells him of his mother's adulterous behavior and his uncle's shrewd and unconscionable murder.   Although Hamlet promises to seek revenge on King Claudius for murdering his father, he is initially more concerned with the ghost's revelations regarding his mother. King Hamlet tells Hamlet not to be concerned with his mother but after the apparition leaves, it is the first thing Hamlet speaks of.   Before vowing to avenge his father's death, he comments on the sins his mother committed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Hamlet decides to pretend to be insane in order to plot against the King, it is clear, he really does go mad.   His madness seems to amplify his anger toward his mother.   During the play scene, he openly embarrasses her and acted terribly toward her in the closet scene.   The closet scene explains much